800 VALIANTMetabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome comprises a group of condition that occur together and a combination of risk factors for coronary heart disease, as well as for diabetes, fatty liver, and several cancers. the underlying etiology for metabolic syndrome remains unclear. However, known risk factors for metabolic syndrome include family history, poor diet, and inadequate physical activity.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND MECHANISMS APPEAR TO INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
- Insulin resistance
- Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction
- Cellular dysfunction by protein kinases and phoshatases
- Suppression of insulin receptor substrate1- and 2 (IRS1/IRS2) gene expression and function
- Obesity and lipid toxicity
- Oxidative stress and glucose toxicity
- Chronic inflammation
- Dysrupted circadian rhythm
- Genetics and epigenetics
- Gut microbial imbalance
- Dietary effects
SYMPTOMS
- Hypertension
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
- Abdominal obesity
- Chest pain or shortness of breath: Suggesting the rise of cardiovascular and other complications
- Acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, and retinopathy In patients with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia or with diabetes mellitus
- Xanthomas or xanthelasmas: In patients with severe dyslipidemia
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
- Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL (or receiving drug therapy for hyperglycemia)
- Blood pressure ≥85/130 mm Hg (or receiving drug therapy for hypertension)
- Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (or receiving drug therapy for hypertriglyceridemia)
- HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women (or receiving drug therapy for reduced HDL-C)
- Waist circumference ≥102 cm (40 in) in men or ≥88 cm (35 in) in women; if Asian American, ≥90 cm (35 in) in men or ≥80 cm (32 in) in women
COMORBIDITIES
Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities; Metabolic, Mechanical and Mental. The evaluation of the metabolic syndrome consists in the assessment of the risk of associated comorbidities, identification and treatment.
TREATMENTS
Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities; Metabolic, Mechanical and Mental. The evaluation of the metabolic syndrome consists in the assessment of the risk of associated comorbidities, identification and treatment.
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